Skin Cancer

3 min read·Last updated: 2026-02-08·Reviewed by Dr. Julia Tzu, MD, FAAD, FACMS

At a Glance

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, most often developing on skin exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It is the most common type of cancer, affecting millions of people each year. The three major types are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. While BCC and SCC are highly treatable when detected early, melanoma is more aggressive and responsible for most skin cancer deaths. Early detection through regular skin examinations significantly improves treatment outcomes.

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, with millions of cases diagnosed each year[1]
Melanoma is much less common than other types but is responsible for most skin cancer deaths[1]
An estimated 3.6 million basal cell carcinoma cases are diagnosed in the U.S. each year[4]
Early-stage melanoma has a 99% five-year survival rate when detected and treated promptly[2]

Symptoms

New growth or spot that changes in size, shape, or color
A sore that does not heal or heals and returns
Pearly or waxy bump on face, ears, or neck
Flat, flesh-colored, pink, or brown scar-like lesion
Red, firm nodule on sun-exposed areas
Scaly, crusted growth
Mole that changes in appearance (ABCDE warning signs)
Dark streak under fingernail or toenail

When to Seek Professional Care

Any new skin growth that concerns you
A sore that does not heal within a few weeks
Changes in an existing mole (asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution)
Unexplained bleeding or crusting on the skin
A spot that looks different from others on your skin
Dark streak appearing under a nail

Have questions about skin cancer? Dr. Tzu is here to help.

Book Appointment Call Now

Causes

DNA damage to skin cells from UV radiation
Cumulative sun exposure over years
Indoor tanning and tanning bed use
Severe sunburns, especially during childhood
Genetic mutations affecting cell growth
Exposure to certain chemicals or radiation

How We Can Help

We offer a service to help manage this condition: Mohs Surgery.

Prognosis

Basal cell carcinoma has excellent prognosis when treated early
Squamous cell carcinoma detected early has a 99% five-year survival rate
Melanoma detected early has a 99% five-year survival rate
Advanced squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma survival rates decrease significantly, with lower survival rates for melanoma
Regular follow-up is important as skin cancer can recur and probability of new skin cancer is increased once diagnosed with one skin cancer

Frequently Asked Questions

What is skin cancer?

Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells, usually caused by DNA damage from UV radiation. The three main types are basal cell carcinoma (most common), squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma (most dangerous). Early detection and treatment lead to excellent outcomes for most skin cancers.

What are the warning signs of skin cancer?

Warning signs include new growths that change in size or shape, sores that don't heal, moles that change appearance, pearly or waxy bumps, flat scaly patches, and red firm nodules. For melanoma specifically, use the ABCDE rule: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than 6mm, and Evolving changes.

When should I see a dermatologist about a skin spot?

See a dermatologist if you notice any new growth that concerns you, a sore that doesn't heal within a few weeks, changes in an existing mole, or any spot that looks different from others on your skin. Early detection dramatically improves treatment outcomes, especially for melanoma.

How is skin cancer treated?

Treatment depends on the type, size, and location of the cancer. Options include Mohs surgery (highest cure rate for BCC and SCC), surgical excision, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, and topical treatments for superficial cancers. Advanced melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma may require additional treatments including immunotherapy. A dermatologist can recommend the most appropriate approach.

What is Mohs surgery for skin cancer?

Mohs micrographic surgery is a specialized technique that removes skin cancer layer by layer, examining each layer under a microscope until no cancer cells remain. It offers the highest cure rate (up to 99% for certain cancers) while preserving the maximum amount of healthy tissue. It's especially valuable for cancers on the face and other sensitive areas.

How can I reduce my risk of skin cancer?

Reduce your risk by avoiding sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., using broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily, wearing protective clothing and sunglasses, avoiding tanning beds, and performing monthly skin self-examinations. Annual skin checks by a dermatologist are recommended, especially for those at higher risk.

Ready to Get Started?